Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation and Toxicity Mitigation of Organic Dyes Using Silver‐Doped Tin Sulfide Quantum Dots: A Comprehensive Study on Environmental and Biological Implications

ABSTRACT Silver‐doped tin sulfide (Ag–SnS) quantum dots with Ag concentrations of 1%–10% were synthesized and evaluated as visible‐light photocatalysts for degrading acid yellow (AY), aniline blue (AB), and methyl orange (MO). Structural, morphological, compositional, and optical analyses confirmed successful doping and formation of well‐defined quantum dots. Ag incorporation enhanced visible‐light absorption, promoted efficient charge‐carrier separation, and increased active surface sites. The optimized quantum dots achieved degradation efficiencies of 90% for AY, 86% for AB, and 91% for MO in single‐dye systems. In binary mixtures, degradation reached 80.17% (AY) and 79.72% (MO) in AY–MO, and 74.31% (AY) and 81.84% (AB) in AY–AB. In ternary systems, efficiencies of 72.4% (AY), 78.8% (AB), and 73.6% (MO) were achieved, demonstrating effective multi‐pollutant removal. Toxicity assessment using Caenorhabditis elegans revealed significantly reduced toxicity in treated samples compared to untreated dyes, confirming successful detoxification. These results demonstrate that Ag–SnS quantum dots are efficient, stable, and environmentally benign photocatalysts with strong potential for sustainable wastewater remediation under visible light.