Transforming Molecular Synthesis With Large Language Models

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into molecular synthesis is rapidly transforming the field, offering a paradigm shift beyond traditional data-driven approaches. LLMs bring a unique combination of massive knowledge absorption, sophisticated contextual representation, and multi-step logical inference, holding the potential to intelligently automate the entire synthesis workflow. This review explores how LLMs are revolutionizing molecular synthesis by functioning across four key roles: (1) as interactive domain-specific knowledge bases for instant expert consultation; (2) as powerful tools for structuring unstructured reaction data from literature; (3) as versatile predictors for molecular properties and reaction outcomes; and (4) as the central "brain" in intelligent agent systems for autonomous synthesis planning and execution. By systematically outlining these advances, we aim to provide a comprehensive roadmap for chemists to leverage the distinctive capabilities of LLMs, thereby accelerating the journey toward a more automated and intelligent future for molecular synthesis.