Ten‐Year Outcome of a Patient With Concurrent Pelvic Myeloid Sarcoma and Underlying Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia in Chronic Phase: A Case Report and Literature Review

BACKGROUND: Myeloid sarcoma is a rare solid tumour of immature myeloid precursors occurring in an extramedullary site. It often presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to clinical haematologists. CASE: We describe a previously healthy patient who presented simultaneously with hyperleucocytic chronic myeloid leukaemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) and a pelvic myeloid sarcoma (MS). She failed to respond to conventional intensive chemotherapy meant for acute myeloid leukaemia but responded well to a combination of radiotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitor. She has remained well and in deep molecular response for the past 10 years. CONCLUSION: We report the first case of MS in CML-CP that has achieved 10 years of long-term remission with a combination of radiotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitor, without allogeneic stem cell transplantation. We also reviewed the literature on CML-CP with simultaneous MS to determine the disease characteristics and treatment outcomes.