Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dementia Among Older People of Gelao Ethnicity in China: A National Cross‐Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Aims Approximately 96% of the Gelao population lives in Guizhou Province, predominantly in Wuchuan and Daozhen counties. This study explored the prevalence of dementia and the factors associated with it among the Gelao ethnic group in this area. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to conduct a face‐to‐face questionnaire survey with Gelao individuals aged ≥ 65 years from August to October 2022. The survey collected data on demographics, medical history, lifestyle, and dietary habits. Participants were assessed using the Chinese Mini‐Mental Status Examination (CMMS) and the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale. Dementia diagnoses were made according to DSM‐IV‐TR criteria. Results Among the 2712 participants, the prevalence of dementia was found to be 24.74% (95% CI: 23.1–26.4). Multivariable analysis indicated that factors such as not residing in a nursing home, maintaining good tooth brushing habits, engaging in physical activity, visiting the market, playing mahjong, having a high income, drinking oil tea, and consuming Houttuynia cordata were associated with lower odds of dementia (all p < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of dementia among older Gelao adults is notably high, especially among women. These results underscore the urgent need for targeted awareness campaigns, screening initiatives, and intervention strategies aimed at alleviating the dementia burden within this ethnic minority population.