The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Psychology: How AI and NLP Systems Are Reshaping Psychological Interventions. A Systematic Review

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies are rapidly evolving and their integration into psychological practices has progressively expanded, offering new tools for diagnosis, treatment and therapeutic monitoring. This review examines the transformative role of AI, particularly Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems, in reshaping clinical psychology and digital mental health interventions (DMHIs). In particular, it explores how AI and NLP can facilitate human-machine interaction in therapy by analysing how language is used within clinical conversations and providing personalized, real-time interventions. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review of literature from 2019 to 2025 identified 17 studies that met inclusion criteria, emphasizing AI's use in psychological assessment and intervention. The review focuses on two key aspects: the functions and applications of NLP-based systems in clinical practice and the advantages and benefits they offer for both psychologists and patients. Findings suggest that NLP-driven AI systems enhance both patient engagement and clinician efficiency, offering scalable, cost-effective solutions that improve access and personalization. However, challenges remain, including ethical concerns around data privacy, lack of standardization, limited generalizability across disorders and reduced human empathy. Moreover, current systems are primarily designed for well-defined conditions like anxiety and depression, with limited applicability to complex or comorbid psychological presentations. This review underscores the importance of supervised, ethically governed AI implementation. While AI holds substantial promise in augmenting clinical psychology, its success depends on maintaining human oversight, ensuring transparency and establishing shared scientific and ethical standards across the psychological community.