Circular Patch 1 × 2 Active Antenna Array for 5G Applications

ABSTRACT This paper presents the design and implementation of a high‐gain 1 × 2 active microstrip patch antenna array for sub‐6‐GHz 5G wireless communication applications. Three structures set apart the modified conventional patch design: an octagonal conductive patch embedded in a square frame and a circular ring. This patch shows improvements in critical parameters such as radiation efficiency, gain, impedance matching, directivity, bandwidth, and half‐power beamwidth. With a bandwidth of 200 MHz, an HPBW of 44°, and a radiation efficiency of 82.3%, the measured results show that the suggested passive antenna array may achieve maximum gain and directivity of 6.1 and 7.27 dBi, respectively. The antenna array combines a new coupling‐loss compensation method, an RF amplifier, and a redesigned circular patch construction. With passive components, such as an RF splitter and an RF combiner, the two antenna elements are connected to a common amplifier via 50‐Ω arc transmission coupling lines. The methodology used in its development includes compact antenna geometry, prototype construction of a low‐loss substrate, and experimental verification. Improvements in impedance matching, bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency can be achieved by combining amplifier coupling with structural optimization. With a maximum gain of 18.15 dBi, directivity of 19.2 dBi, bandwidth of 320 MHz, HPBW of 73°, and radiation efficiency of 94.7%, the experimental findings show a 99.9% increase in matching efficiency. The excellent radiation characteristics of the active antenna array establish an efficient pathway for advancing fifth‐generation wireless communication systems, such as those used in tablets.