Feeling Better Before, Not After: An Ecological Momentary Assessment of Affect Around Exercise in Women With Eating Disorders

OBJECTIVE: Maladaptive exercise includes excessive, compulsive, or compensatory exercise and is a common eating-disorder (ED) symptom associated with increased severity, slower rates-of-recovery, and faster rates-of-relapse. Affect-regulation theories posit that maladaptive exercise functions to reduce high negative affect (NA), although support for this model is mixed. Previous studies have not integrated ecological momentary assessment (EMA) with accelerometry or examined the affect-regulation model in individuals with EDs who frequently engage in maladaptive exercise. The objective of this study was to examine trajectories of NA and positive affect (PA) through a 7-day EMA study combined with accelerometry in women with EDs (N = 84). METHOD: Piecewise generalized mixed-effects regression models evaluated the trajectories of PA and NA in the hours leading up to and following self-reported exercise and exercise identified via accelerometry. RESULTS: NA was increasing before self-reported exercise, although NA did not meaningfully change relative to objectively measured exercise. PA was increasing prior to exercise and decreasing after exercise, and this pattern was consistent for both self-reported and objectively measured exercise. Rates of rising PA were steeper in the hours leading up to higher intensity exercise episodes. DISCUSSION: Though inconsistent with affect-regulation models, the current study offers preliminary evidence that exercise is associated with disrupted affective responses among women with EDs who regularly engage in maladaptive exercise. Results suggest that the hours prior to high-intensity exercise are associated with increasing PA, perhaps due to planning or anticipating exercise, for a considerable proportion of people with EDs. If replicated, treatments may consider decreasing the reward value placed on intense exercise and increasing value placed on low-intensity or non-exercise activities.