Light‐Modulated Exchange Bias in Multiferroic Heterostructures

ABSTRACT Magnetic straintronics, the strain‐mediated control of magnetic anisotropy, has emerged as a key direction for next‐generation energy‐efficient technologies. In multiferroic heterostructures, magnetoelectric coupling is typically achieved by applying an electric field on a ferroelectric phase, inducing strain through the converse piezoelectric effect, which is then transferred to the adjacent ferromagnetic phase. As an alternative, strain can be remotely modulated through the photostrictive effect induced by light. Although light‐driven control of magnetic anisotropy has been explored, the optical modulation of more complex phenomena such as exchange bias remains largely unaddressed. Here, we demonstrate significant light‐induced modulation of exchange bias and magnetization switching at room temperature in a Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 ‐Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PMN‐PZT)/Fe 80 Ga 20 (FeGa)/Ir 20 Mn 80 (IrMn) multiferroic heterostructure, driven by visible‐light‐photostriction. A measurable reduction in the exchange bias field is observed (Δ H EB ≈ 21 Oe) under the illumination of visible light of 405 nm. The magnetization state correlates with the light intensity, enabling multi‐level states with light power densities as low as 0.1 W cm −2 . These findings suggest a promising route toward low‐power, multistate, and wireless opto‐magnetic memory applications.