Wake‐Flow‐Induced Flutter Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Low‐Speed Wind Energy Harvesting: Parametric Optimization and Performance Investigation

This study presents a wake‐flow‐driven film flutter triboelectric nanogenerator (WF‐TENG) for high efficient harvesting of low‐speed wind energy. By integrating wind tunnel experiments and fluid–structure interaction simulations, we systematically investigated the influence of key parameters—including the upstream bluff body parameters (shape, size), the film parameters (material, dimensions), the film's position and electrode spacing—on the vibrational response of the film and the electrical output. Results show that a cylindrical bluff body with a diameter‐to‐channel width ratio of 0.25 generates periodic vortex shedding that optimally excites film flutter, while positioning the film within the vortex enhancement zone maximizes amplitude. The optimized WF‐TENG, utilizing a PTFE film (120 mm × 40 mm × 50 μm) and electrode spacing of 60 mm, achieves a peak open‐circuit voltage of 94.5 V, short‐circuit current of 8.7 μA, and power output of 8.3 μW at a wind speed of 4.3 m/s, corresponding to an energy conversion efficiency of 5.62%. The device successfully powers 56 LEDs, demonstrating its potential for self‐powered miniature electronics and offering new insights into fluid‐induced vibration mechanisms for sustainable energy harvesting.