A comprehensive review on life‐cycle assessment of multigeneration systems using energy, exergy, and environmental ( 3E ) analysis with renewable resources

Abstract This article presents a comprehensive review of recent research on renewable‐driven multigeneration systems using integrated 3E (Energy, Exergy, Environment) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) frameworks. The proposed integration provides a comprehensive understanding of a system's performance, identifying potential hotspots, optimizing resource utilization, and ultimately driving the development of more environmentally friendly energy solutions. The manuscript reviews the system's energy potentials (both inputs and outputs) with an emphasis on total energy efficiency and identifying areas of energy loss. The exergy analysis evaluates energy quality by measuring thermodynamic losses and irreversibility. A cost–benefit analysis is also performed to analyze the economic sustainability of the multigenerational system (MGS). The LCA provides environmental impact indicators. The innovative multigeneration systems are intended to generate many useful outputs (power, heat, hydrogen, and cooling) from renewable resources like solar or biomass. The study provides data for making educated decisions on system design, technology selection, and process optimization that fit with environmental goals and economic feasibility. The MGS improves energy and exergy efficiency by manufacturing many products at the same time, resulting in less waste and greater utilization of primary resources. Using renewable resources and producing diverse products significantly reduces carbon footprints and greenhouse gas emissions, encouraging environmental conservation and sustainability. Instead of proposing a new optimization strategy, this review synthesizes existing multi‐objective optimization approaches applied to renewable‐driven multigeneration systems and critically discusses the trade‐offs among energy, exergy, economic, and environmental objectives within integrated 3E–LCA frameworks.