In situ epoxidation of hybrid oleic acid–palm stearin system using a homogeneous catalyst

Abstract This study explores the in situ epoxidation of a hybrid feedstock consisting of oleic acid (OA) and palm stearin (PS) using a homogeneous catalyst to improve oxirane content for bio‐based applications. Experimental findings indicate that a 1:1 OA to PS ratio at 70°C achieves the highest Relative conversion to oxirane (RCO) of 47.33%, confirming effective epoxide formation. Kinetic modeling demonstrates rapid peracid generation ( k ₁₁ = 15, k ₁₂ = 0.23, k ₂ = 30) with minimal side reactions ( k ₃ = 0.05), ensuring oxirane stability. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) verifies epoxide formation, while moisture and viscosity evaluations confirm the product's stability. The study underscores the potential of hybrid oil systems as a cost‐efficient and sustainable approach for epoxidation, advancing the utilization of palm oil derivatives in bio‐polyols and polymer production.