Review on the optimization of iron‐based catalysts for Fenton‐like reactions through structural and dimensional engineering

Abstract Iron‐based nanoparticles (INPs) are prominent heterogeneous catalysts for H 2 O 2 activation in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for wastewater treatment. Their performance is optimized through strategies targeting the Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ cycle, including: (i) composition and defect regulation (e.g., doping/heterojunctions and oxygen‐vacancy engineering), (ii) morphological control of iron oxides, zero‐valent iron, and Fe‐MOFs, (iii) substrate design using one‐, two‐, and three‐dimensional supports, and (iv) spatial confinement in 1D/2D/3D architectures. This review summarizes recent advances in these structural regulation strategies for INPs, focusing on catalytic activity, stability, and reusability. The modulation of local electronic structures, adsorption/transport, and oxidant activation to enhance these properties is discussed. For comparative analysis, we report a single benchmark—the apparent initial molar volumetric rate (r 0,molar = k obs × C 0,molar )—along with literature removal data. Practical considerations, including Fe‐site regeneration, Fe‐leaching control, and long‐term operation, are also addressed to contextualize the deployment of INP‐based catalysts. Future research should focus on achieving durable Fe‐valence cycling, improving H 2 O 2 utilization, and developing scalable, low‐cost synthesis methods to advance the application of INPs in water pollution control.