The Roles of Agricultural Credit, Financial Development, and Renewable Energy for Food Security

ABSTRACT Access to credit and renewable energy adoption are crucial for promoting food security in emerging economies. This study examines the long‐term impact of agricultural credit, financial development, and renewable energy on food security and agricultural production in India from 2000 to 2022. It also analyzes the roles of planted area, fertilizer application, pesticide use, foreign direct investment, and employment force in agriculture. Using the ARDL method, the study found that agricultural credit, financial development, and renewable energy significantly and positively impact food security and agricultural production in the long run. A 1% increase in agricultural credit, financial development, and renewable energy utilization leads to food security improvements by 0.076%, 1.153%, 0.276%, and agricultural production by 0.062%, 0.250%, and 0.844%, respectively. Other factors, such as planted area, pesticide use, foreign direct investment, cereal farming output, and employment force in agriculture also contribute positively to enhancing food security and increasing agricultural production. Furthermore, the FMOLS and DOLS methods confirmed the significantly positive impact of agricultural credit, financial development, and renewable energy on food security and agricultural production. These findings suggest that renewable technologies can mitigate environmental impacts on food security and reduce fossil fuel use in agriculture. Additionally, accessible credit and financial support enable farmers to improve agricultural practices, purchase inputs, and increase agricultural production.