Exploring Coastal Male Knowledge, Perception, and Prioritization of Female Menstrual Health in Southern Bangladesh

Background: Menstruation is a natural biological process, yet it remains heavily stigmatized and misunderstood in many communities, particularly in rural and coastal regions. In Bangladesh, gender norms, cultural taboos, and environmental challenges like saline water contribute to the neglect of menstrual health, especially in coastal areas. Aim: This study aims to explore the knowledge, perceptions, and involvement of coastal males in women's menstrual health and hygiene, focusing on how environmental stressors, such as water salinity, impact menstrual practices. Method: A phenomenological qualitative approach was used to conduct in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 50 adult males (aged 18 and above) from East Kharia village, Khulna District, Bangladesh. Data were analyzed thematically to uncover the key factors influencing men's understanding and support of menstrual health. Results: The findings reveal that many participants had limited knowledge about the biological aspects of menstruation, largely influenced by myths and informal learning. Cultural silence surrounding menstruation was prevalent, with most men avoiding discussions on the topic. Environmental barriers, such as saline water, were identified as exacerbating menstrual health issues. Emotional detachment and lack of support for women during menstruation were common, though a subset of younger, more educated men showed emerging empathy and a shift toward recognizing menstruation as a shared family responsibility. Conclusion: The study highlights significant gaps in male knowledge and involvement in menstrual health, compounded by cultural taboos and environmental stressors. It calls for gender-sensitive education and policies that encourage male participation in menstrual hygiene management, as well as addressing the unique challenges faced by coastal communities in managing menstrual health.