Discrepancy Between Knowledge and Practice of Self‐Medication Among Adults in Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2023: A Cross‐Sectional Study

Background and Aims: Self-medication, while convenient for managing minor illnesses, poses significant public health risks when practiced without adequate knowledge or oversight. In Bangladesh, especially in urban areas, self-medication is common, driven by inadequate regulation and low public awareness. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of self-medication among adults in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from January to December 2023 in Badda, Dhaka. A total of 361 adults who attempted to purchase medications without a prescription were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were applied to examine associations. Results: Among 361 participants, 330 (91.4%, 95% CI: 88.1-94.0) reported illness in the previous 3 months, and 198 (60.0%, 95% CI: 54.6-65.1) of these self-medicated. The most common ailments treated were cough (86; 43.4%), headache (72; 36.4%), and acidity (40; 20.2%). Frequently used medicines included analgesics (96; 48.5%), anti-ulcer agents (65; 32.8%), and antibiotics (55; 27.8%). While 128 (64.8%) reported having knowledge of the medicines they used, many altered dosages (147;40.7%) or discontinued treatment prematurely (165;45.7%). Among self-medicators, 82 (41.3%) experienced side effects. Of those who self-medicated with antibiotics, 53 (26.8%) discontinued treatment early. Conclusion: Despite widespread awareness of its risks, self-medication remains common and often unsafe among urban adults in Dhaka. Strengthening public education, enforcing regulations, and improving access to affordable healthcare are essential to promote safer self-care practices.