An Updated Narrative Review on the Therapeutic Potential of Resveratrol in the Treatment of Cancer

Background: Cancer is a significant global health challenge, affecting millions of people every year. Overall survival rates have improved over time, but some patients exhibit treatment resistance, prompting ongoing research to find suitable and effective sensitizers. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound, has demonstrated significant effects in inhibiting the growth and spread of cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms and applications of resveratrol remain unclear. Objective: In this updated narrative review, we aimed at discussing the role and related molecular mechanisms of resveratrol in various cancers and providing an overview of its therapeutic potential for the treatment and prevention of these cancers. Methodology: We conducted an extensive literature search across four major databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, to identify all relevant articles. Result: Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, specifically a stilbene, found in significant quantities in grapes, berries, peanuts, and various other plants. Resveratrol significantly contributes to the reduction of various human cancers, including those of the breast, cervix, thyroid, prostate, brain, skin, colon, bone, and ovarian cancers. Resveratrol has been shown to influence cell cycle arrest, activate apoptosis, and suppress metastasis, all of which are achieved through various signaling pathways. Additionally, several in vivo studies have shown promising results suggesting it may reduce tumor development and extend lifespan in animal cancer models, among other benefits. Conclusion: This review indicates that resveratrol could serve as a prototype for developing more efficacious and less toxic therapeutic agents for the treatment of various cancers.