Maternal and neonatal outcomes in Gaza amid armed hostilities in 2025

OBJECTIVE: This study documents facility-based maternal, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes and associated conflict-related exposures and living conditions among pregnancy-related encounters at Al-Helou Maternity Hospital in Gaza from late April to early September 2025, with a small number of additional encounters recorded at Al-Shifa Medical Complex. METHODS: We conducted an observational, facility-based study using a combined retrospective-prospective approach. All recorded obstetric encounters were eligible. Outpatient antenatal clinic visits were excluded. Data were abstracted from routine clinical records and contemporaneous intake forms/clinician notes. Analyses were primarily descriptive (medians [interquartile range, IQR] and counts/percentages with variable-specific denominators). Exploratory correlation analyses examined birthweight in relation to selected maternal exposures. RESULTS: Among 686 women (median age 28 years [IQR 23-33]), 92.9% reported ≤2 meals/day and 71.7% had anemia (Hb