Fast Likelihood‐Free Parameter Estimation for Lévy Processes

ABSTRACT Lévy processes are widely used in financial modeling due to their ability to capture discontinuities and heavy tails, which are common in high‐frequency asset return data. However, parameter estimation remains a challenge when associated likelihoods are unavailable or costly to compute. We propose a fast and accurate method for Lévy parameter estimation using the neural Bayes estimation (NBE) framework—a simulation‐based, likelihood‐free approach that leverages permutation‐invariant neural networks to approximate Bayes estimators. We contribute new theoretical results, showing that NBE results in consistent estimators whose risk converges to that of the Bayes estimator under mild conditions. Moreover, through extensive simulations across several Lévy models, we show that NBE outperforms traditional methods in both accuracy and runtime, while also enabling two complementary approaches to uncertainty quantification. We illustrate our approach on a challenging high‐frequency cryptocurrency return dataset, where the method captures evolving parameter dynamics and delivers reliable and interpretable inference at a fraction of the computational cost of traditional methods. We investigate nearly a decade of high‐frequency Bitcoin returns, requiring less than one minute to estimate parameters under the proposed approach.