Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Biologically and Pharmaceutically Active Thiazole and Its Analogues

ABSTRACT Recently, thiazoles have become essential heterocyclic compounds owing to their versatile applications in various fields. It also plays a major role in the pharmaceutical industry and is a critical scaffold for drug discovery. There are currently a lot of articles reporting the synthesis and functionalization of biological and pharmaceutical functions. To date, a variety of synthesis protocols for scaffold construction have been mentioned in the literature. For instance, classical synthesis protocols like Hantzsch synthesis, Cook‐Heilbron synthesis, and Gabriel synthesis have been used to build the main thiazole scaffold. Ultrasound irradiation reactions, microwave‐assisted and green reaction protocols are also useful for building and functionalizing this compound. This review's main objective is to draw attention to the synthesis techniques and discoveries that were previously discussed in order to address the drawbacks of synthesis and their environmental effect. In addition, various selected thiazoles and their derivatives with potential biological and pharmaceutical activities will be discussed.