Two‐dimensional materials for next‐generation biosensors

Abstract Since the revolutionary breakthrough in the successful isolation and characterization of graphene in 2004, the field of two‐dimensional materials has undergone a major transformation. This pivotal advancement not only confirmed the unique ability of atomically thin layers to confine charge carriers within a two‐dimensional plane but also sparked a wave of research into transition metal dichalcogenides and Xene derivatives such as silicene, boronene, and germanene. These materials exhibit exceptional biophysical properties, electrical performance, mechanical flexibility, and optical responsiveness, providing a novel platform for developing bioelectronic devices. Current research centers on functional device innovation: electrodes, transistors, and p‐n junctions based on two‐dimensional materials are advancing biosensor upgrades for seamless skin interaction; emerging neural interface systems can collaborate with brain and ocular tissues; and smart tattoo sensors demonstrate self‐powered detection potential. These breakthrough technologies collectively point toward the convergent development of wearable devices, implantable systems, and bioelectronic interfaces, laying the foundation for next‐generation intelligent sensing technologies.