A Guide to Key Decision Criteria for Likert‐Scale Use in Survey Research

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Authors: Khan Md Raziuddin Taufique, Md. Mahiuddin Sabbir, Fazlul K. Rabbanee
Cited by: 9
References: 81

Abstract

ABSTRACT Although widely used in survey research, the application of the Likert scale often lacks rigorous justification in relation to key methodological decisions. Furthermore, inconsistencies in terminology persist, for example, the common reference made to the “5‐point Likert scale,” even though debate is ongoing about the optimal number of response categories. Using a narrative review approach, this paper provides researchers with a concise, evidence‐based guide for the appropriate use of Likert‐type scales in survey research. Drawing on existing literature on itemized rating scales, particularly the Likert scale, the paper identifies the frequently overlooked critical decision criteria for anchoring the Likert scale. It clarifies essential considerations such as the number of scale points, inclusion of midpoints, labeling of response categories, and response format presentation. As a practical contribution, the paper offers evidence‐based guidelines to help researchers make informed decisions when employing Likert‐type rating scales in survey research.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Survey Methodology and Nonresponse Health Education and Validation

Publication details

Journal / source
Global Business and Organizational Excellence
Publisher
Wiley
Volume
45
Issue
5
Pages
493–508
Publication date
1 March 2026
Language
EN