Integrating Symmetric and Asymmetric Causality: Theoretical Foundations of Structural Equation Modeling ( SEM ) and Fuzzy‐Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis ( fsQCA ) in Tourism Research

ABSTRACT This review examined the integration of structural equation modeling and fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis in tourism and hospitality research. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses framework, 72 articles from Web of Science and Scopus, published up to June 2024, were analyzed using the theory‐context‐characteristics‐methods framework. The study examined complex phenomena, particularly in the areas of sustainable behavior, customer experience, and technology adoption. This integration offers improved insights by analyzing both linear relationships and configurational patterns. However, challenges in data management, interpretation, and methodological integration were noted. The review provides a structured overview, identifies methodological synergies and challenges, and proposes future research directions.