Electrochemical Porous Sensor for Curcumin Detection and Delivery: Application in Thyroid Cancer Inhibition via PTEN Regulation

ABSTRACT Thyroid cancer is one of the fastest‐growing endocrine malignancies, and advanced disease remains difficult to manage because of metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to radioactive iodine. To help address limitations in current therapy and curcumin (Cur) delivery, we designed a multifunctional electrochemical nanoplatform that combines Cur loading with signal readout in a single system. Compound 1 was first used to modify hyaluronic acid (HA), followed by conjugation with the organosilane TESPSA to obtain the hybrid material 1‐HA‐TESPSA, which was then assembled with the porous coordination polymer CP1 and loaded with Cur, yielding 1‐HA‐TESPSA@CP1@Cur. Structural and electrochemical characterizations (XRD, Raman, CV, EIS) confirmed the preservation of an ordered framework, improved charge‐transfer properties, and suitable performance for Cur sensing. In vitro studies using human thyroid cancer TPC‐1 cells showed that 1‐HA‐TESPSA@CP1@Cur inhibited cell proliferation more effectively than free Cur, while the blank carrier exhibited minimal cytotoxicity. Preliminary mechanistic investigations indicated that the nanoformulation upregulated the tumor suppressor PTEN, which may contribute to its antiproliferative effects. Overall, this work provides a proof‐of‐concept Cur nanocarrier with integrated electrochemical detection and delivery functions, suggesting potential for more precise management of thyroid cancer pending further in‐depth validation.