Fabrication of Sea Buckthorn Oil and Caffeic Acid‐Based Polypropylene Composite Fibrous Mats by Electrospinning

ABSTRACT Electrospun composite fibrous mats based on chlorinated polypropylene (CPP) incorporating sea buckthorn oil (SBO) and caffeic acid (CA) were developed to obtain multifunctional materials with enhanced biological performance. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of SBO and CA on the physicochemical, antioxidant, antibacterial, and release properties of CPP‐based fibers. The incorporation of bioactive components improved surface wettability, as evidenced by a decrease in water contact angle from 135° for neat CPP to 128° for CPP‐SBO‐CA. Antibacterial activity was also enhanced, with CPP‐SBO‐CA achieving 42% reduction against Staphylococcus aureus and 45% against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , outperforming CPP‐SBO. Although the antioxidant activity of the composite mats remained limited (≈14% DPPH inhibition) due to low additive content, measurable improvement was observed compared to neat CPP. Release studies demonstrated that the electrospun fiber structure effectively transformed the rapid release of neat compounds into a controlled, diffusion‐governed process, with CPP‐SBO‐CA showing approximately 55%–60% cumulative release within 6 h. Overall, the results indicate that the synergistic incorporation of SBO and CA into CPP fibers provides a promising strategy for designing bioactive materials with sustained release and improved functional performance for biomedical applications such as wound dressing.