Hierarchically Porous Coatings for Cellulose Fibers by Core–Shell Particle Templating

Porous and functional cellulose-based materials play a key role in the field of novel sensors and membrane technologies, yet their full potential remains unexplored. This article elaborates on a procedure for creating porous coatings with reactive chemical groups on their surfaces by covering a cellulose membrane with hybrid core-shell particles. The silica cores of these particles, synthesized via the Stöber procedure, could easily be etched with hydrofluoric acid. The cross-linked polymer shell of the particles was synthesized via emulsion polymerization. These particles were analyzed via dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. After coating the cellulose and an etching process, the former core particles formed pores within the matrix of the shell polymer, as observed via scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The coated area also featured chemical functionalities via appropriate polymers used in the shell of the particles, enabling further cellulose modification. In particular, hydroxy groups were incorporated into a copolymer containing 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and epoxy groups were incorporated using glycidyl methacrylate. These functionalities can be combined to yield a wide range of specific properties. For this reason, this work paves the way for advanced smart and stimuli-responsive porous filtration systems, paper-based sensors, and adsorbers.