Accelerate the Highly Efficient Development of mRNA Vaccines Through Advanced Computational Methods

mRNA medicine is an emerging therapeutic approach that utilizes messenger RNA to synthesize functional proteins directly within target cells. This technology offers notable advantages including rapid development cycles, diverse therapeutic applications, and adaptable platform design for various diseases. However, mRNA therapeutic development faces substantial challenges, particularly in determining optimal mRNA sequences and developing effective delivery systems that ensure stability and achieve precise delivery. Current development processes often involve extensive experimental screening, highlighting the need for more efficient computational approaches. This review first introduces fundamental concepts in the mRNA vaccine field and systematically analyzes the roles and limitations of computational tools in advancing mRNA vaccine development across three key areas: sequence optimization, modification strategies, and delivery system optimization. Finally, we present the current application status of mRNA vaccines and discuss future prospects, highlighting emerging computational opportunities that may shape next-generation mRNA vaccine development. This review spans the entire mRNA vaccine development pipeline, providing a foundational resource for researchers and facilitating technological advancement in this rapidly evolving field.