The Generation and Control of Irregularly Shaped Perfect Vector Vortex Beams on Hybrid Poincaré Spheres Using All‐Dielectric Metasurfaces

Irregular-shaped perfect vector vortex beams (IPVVBs), as a novel form of structured light for optical field manipulation, have attracted significant attention due to their combined properties of spatial vectorization, orbital angular momentum control, and polygonal symmetry. Compared with traditional circularly symmetric vortex beams, IPVVBs offer notable advantages in mode control and freedom expansion, providing new possibilities for high-dimensional optical field encoding, optical manipulation, and information transmission. In this paper, using an all-dielectric metasurface designed with pure geometric phases, we achieve the generation and spatial polarization control of integer and fractional order irregular-shaped perfect vector vortex beams on the hybrid Poincaré sphere by introducing a cross-phase distribution. The proposed IPVVBs exhibit unique topological properties and stable propagation characteristics. Moreover, the designed metasurface exhibits excellent broadband performance, enabling efficient generation of IPVVBs across multiple wavelengths. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate the edge imaging capability of IPVVBs, achieving a resolution of up to 3.1 μm. This work opens up new research directions in cutting-edge fields such as modern optical imaging, microscopic manipulation, and quantum communication.