Pharmacological Potential and Biotechnological Advances in Amauroderma , Sanguinoderma , and Other Understudied Genera in Ganodermataceae (Polyporales): Bioactive Compounds and Therapeutic Applications

The genera Amauroderma , Sanguinoderma , and other understudied members of the Ganodermataceae (Polyporales) have gained increasing attention due to their bioactive compounds and untapped pharmacological potential. Traditionally used in ethnomedicine, these polypore mushrooms are now a focus of modern research aimed at elucidating their therapeutic mechanisms. These genera produce structurally diverse secondary metabolites, including triterpenoids, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, steroids, and glycoproteins, which exhibit a broad range of pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and anti‐inflammatory effects. Recent advances in genus‐specific chemical characterization, molecular taxonomy, and preclinical studies have begun to validate their traditional uses, positioning them as promising sources for drug discovery. Biotechnological innovations, including strain‐specific substrate optimization, metabolic engineering, and nanotechnology‐based delivery systems, have enhanced the yield and efficacy of these bioactive compounds. However, challenges such as interspecies misidentification, variability in metabolite production, and limited clinical translation remain significant barriers. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the pharmacological potential of Amauroderma , Sanguinoderma , and related understudied genera, highlighting their bioactive diversity, therapeutic applications, and the role of biotechnology in overcoming production challenges. By addressing key research gaps and opportunities, we emphasize their potential for natural product development and integrative medicine.