Bio‐Based Multilayer Composites Based on Blended Electrospun Fibers and Luffa Cylindrica for Enhanced Low‐Frequency Noise Absorption

ABSTRACT This study investigates the acoustic performance of multilayer bio‐based composites composed of alternating layers of Luffa Cylindrica (LC) and electrospun cellulose acetate/polyvinylpyrrolidone (CA/PVP) blended microfibers. A principal outcome is that the incorporation of CA/PVP microfibers markedly enhances the sound absorption behavior of the composites. Compared with PVP‐free (CA‐only) counterparts, the LC/CA‐PVP multilayer configuration enables more efficient acoustic wave dissipation and produces a shift of the sound absorption coefficient peak toward lower frequencies, together with a slight increase in average sound absorption. This shift toward lower frequencies is particularly relevant, as traffic and urban noise typically contain a substantial proportion of low‐frequency acoustic energy. Overall, the integration of CA/PVP electrospun microfibers into LC‐based multilayer composites improves functional acoustic performance without compromising the bio‐based nature or lightweight characteristics of the materials. From an application standpoint, these results highlight the potential of the proposed multilayer composites for sustainable noise control, especially in urban and traffic‐related settings where effective low‐frequency noise attenuation is required. Moreover, the ability to tailor absorption characteristics through the composition of microfibrous layers demonstrates the flexibility and practical relevance of the proposed design strategy.