Plasma‐Activated Saline Triggers Macrophage M1 Polarization by Inducing Tumor Cell Apoptosis

Plasma Processes and Polymers 2026 Open access

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Authors: Kejun Qu, Yifan Zhang, Chan Qiang, Zimu Yu, Xixi Jing, Zewei Wang, Jishen Zhang, Zifeng Wang, Dingxin Liu, Hao Zhang, Xin Yang, Mingzhe Rong
DOI: 10.1002/ppap.70132
Cited by: 2
References: 45

Abstract

ABSTRACT Here, we investigated the effects of aqueous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in surface air plasma‐activated solution (PAS) on the bladder cancer cell line MB49 and their role in remodeling the polarization status of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs). The study reveals substantial ROS production by plasma within PAS. In vitro experiments showed that the PAS exhibited an activation time‐dependent and significant cytotoxic effect on MB49 cells. Further validation using a transwell coculture model demonstrated that pretreatment of MB49 cells with PAS promoted the polarization of RAW264.7 macrophages toward the antitumor M1 phenotype. Our study reveals the dual role of PAS in direct tumor killing and immune regulation.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Plasma Applications and Diagnostics Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics

Publication details

Journal / source
Plasma Processes and Polymers
Publisher
Wiley
Volume
23
Issue
1
Publication date
1 January 2026
Language
EN