Design and Development of a Multipin Dielectric Barrier Discharge System for Plasma‐Activated Water Production: Evaluation of Fresh and Stored PAW for Antimicrobial Activity, Seed Germination, and Plant Growth

ABSTRACT A multipin dielectric barrier discharge (MP‐DBD) system was developed to generate plasma‐activated water (PAW), and its physicochemical, antimicrobial, and plant growth–promoting properties were assessed. Results showed PAW stored at 0°C retained the highest RONS levels and oxidative potential over 30 days. Both fresh (PAW‐0) and stored (PAW‐30) PAW showed strong antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi through oxidative and acidic membrane damage. Seeds treatment with PAW reduced microbial contamination and improved sensory quality, germination, and seedling vigor compared to demineralized and tap water. Across 12 plant species, PAW enhanced root–shoot growth and biomass, with PAW‐0 performing best due to short‐lived reactive species. Hence, MP‐DBD PAW offers a stable, sustainable medium for microbial control and plant growth enhancement.