Cosmological Implications of Bumblebee Theory on an FLRW Background

ABSTRACT We investigate some cosmological implications at the background level of the Bumblebee model. The phase‐space, the critical points, and their stability are analyzed in detail, applying well‐established dynamical system techniques. In addition, upon comparison to the available supernovae and Pantheon+SHOES data, the best‐fit numerical value of the unique free parameter of the model is determined. We present graphical representations of key cosmological quantities as functions of redshift, including the deceleration parameter and the dark energy equation‐of‐state parameter. The statefinders and the age of the Universe are also computed. Finally, a comparison to the model is made as well.