Transgenerational fitness and transcriptomic responses of Binodoxys communis to chlorantraniliprole

BACKGROUND: Insecticide residues threaten nontarget organisms and ecosystem integrity in agricultural landscapes, necessitating thorough evaluation of nontarget effects for the sustainability of farmland ecosystems. Chlorantraniliprole, a diamide insecticide valued for its high efficiency and selectivity, demands further investigation regarding its comprehensive impacts on beneficial arthropods. RESULTS: ) generations. Transcriptomic analysis revealed time-dependent molecular responses after a 1-h chlorantraniliprole exposure, with 67 and 1810 differentially expressed genes identified at 1-hour and 3-days postexposure, respectively. These genes were predominantly associated with energy metabolism, detoxification and stress response pathways. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of a key upregulated gene, BcIVD (isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase), significantly enhanced chlorantraniliprole susceptibility, exacerbating mortality, developmental delays and fecundity reduction. CONCLUSION: This study provides the first evidence of transgenerational detrimental effects of chlorantraniliprole on B. communis and functionally validates the critical role of BcIVD under insecticide stress. Our findings highlight the need to incorporate molecular and transgenerational outputs into the evaluation of insecticide impacts, and offer valuable insights for developing conservation biological control strategies. Future research should build directly upon these findings, particularly by investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying BcIVD-mediated susceptibility, such as its specific role in detoxification and its interactions with other resistance-related genes. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.