Biodegradable Mg Alloys: Enhancing Anti‐tumor Immunity in Cancer Therapy

ABSTRACT Magnesium (Mg) alloys, as biodegradable metallic materials with excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties, demonstrate significant advantages. In the field of immunotherapy, they present a promising potential option for enhancing therapeutic outcomes and hold broad prospects for application. Mg ion (Mg 2+ ), which is crucial for the proper functioning of immune cells, has been found to alter the tumor microenvironment (TME) by regulating inflammation, promoting the activation of T cells and B cells, enhancing the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells, and shifting macrophages toward an anti‐tumor phenotype. Additionally, Mg alloys can neutralize the acidic environment within tumors, creating a more favorable condition for immune cells to function effectively. Moreover, they produce hydrogen gas, which further enhances anti‐tumor immune responses by promoting the activity of immune cells. In this review, we explore the role of Mg alloys and their degradation products in cancer immunotherapy while highlighting their substantial potential as adjuvants or alternatives, offering an innovative and effective strategy for cancer treatment.