Mass Spectrometry‐Based Proteomics to Understand Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Review

BACKGROUND: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder with substantial variability in bleeding manifestations and a generally low risk of fatal outcomes. Diagnosis is based on exclusion and is supported by thrombocytopenia in peripheral blood and characteristic megakaryocytic findings in bone marrow examination. In many adults, treatment remains suboptimal, and morbidity may result from both bleeding and the adverse effects of immunosuppressive therapies. RATIONALE: Identifying the underlying disease process is essential for improving diagnostic precision, developing targeted therapies, and enhancing patient outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This review summarizes mass spectrometry-based proteomics studies investigating the pathogenesis of ITP and their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. CONCLUSION: Despite significant clinical heterogeneity, proteomic research in ITP remains limited, underscoring the need for comprehensive molecular studies to better elucidate disease mechanisms.