Pulmonary Tropheryma whipplei Infection Presenting With Multiple Thick‐Walled Cavities on Chest CT : A Case Report and Literature Review

ABSTRACT Whipple's disease (WD) is a rare chronic multisystem infectious disease caused by the actinomycete Tropheryma whipplei . Pulmonary involvement is uncommon, and its clinical manifestations lack specificity, with diverse imaging findings, making it prone to misdiagnosis. We report a rare case of a 50‐year‐old woman who presented with a 2‐week history of cough. Chest CT showed multiple thick‐walled cavities in both lungs, a highly unusual presentation for WD pneumonia. Routine microbiological tests, including acid‐fast staining and culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), were negative, which made the diagnosis challenging. Metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (mNGS) of BALF detected T. whipplei , confirming the diagnosis of WD pneumonia. After oral doxycycline treatment, follow‐up chest CT showed complete resolution of the pulmonary cavities. This case demonstrates that multiple thick‐walled cavities may be a characteristic imaging manifestation of WD pneumonia, highlights the diagnostic value of mNGS for this rare infection, and supports oral doxycycline monotherapy as an effective treatment option for isolated pulmonary TW infection.