Prevalence and Characteristics of Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Isolated Diagnostic Feature: A Nationwide Cross‐Sectional Survey

Purpose: This cross-sectional survey aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its isolated diagnostic features among Bangladeshi women aged 10-45 years, utilizing the 2023 International Evidence-Based Guidelines, incorporating anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH). Methods: From April-September 2024, 1201 females were sampled across eight divisions of Bangladesh using history, physical examinations, and blood collection. Total testosterone (TT) and AMH levels were assessed, with specific cut-offs established from a healthy control group. Thyroid dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia were excluded. Results: Of 1201 participants, 403 were excluded. Among 798 eligible women, 38 (4.8%) had both irregular cycles and significant hirsutism, 75 (9.4%) had only significant hirsutism, 141 (17.7%) had only irregular cycles, and 544 (68.2%) had neither. After TT and AMH evaluation and excluding two hyperprolactinemia cases, a 6.9% (55/798) prevalence was found among 57 women with probable PCOS. Familial predisposition, unhealthy sleep behavior, and higher androgenic and metabolic features were observed in women with PCOS versus controls. Metabolic syndrome frequency was higher among adult PCOS (33.3% vs. 4.0%) than adolescent PCOS. Conclusions: The prevalence of PCOS among Bangladeshi women was 6.9%, with distinctive features compared to controls. Women with isolated diagnostic criteria require further evaluation and long-term follow-up.