A Synergistic Approach to Antibacterial Efficacy: Graphene Oxide‐Titanium Dioxide in 3D Printing Resins

ABSTRACT The interest in utilizing multifunctional nanocomposites has arisen rapidly due to the growing need for antibacterial materials in healthcare and other applications. This study explores the incorporation of graphene oxide‐titanium dioxide (GO–TiO 2 ) nanoparticles in 3D‐printed acrylic resin to enhance its mechanical strength and antibacterial performance. GO–TiO 2 is introduced into the acrylic resin polymer matrix at different concentrations (0.00%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00%) and characterized accordingly. FTIR and XRD analyses show that the GO–TiO 2 nanoparticles are successfully incorporated into the polymer matrix, while FESEM analysis exhibits a uniform distribution of the nanoparticles on the polymer matrix. Aside from that, the mechanical strength testing shows that 0.25% of GO–TiO 2 achieves the highest tensile strength while maintaining its elongation at break at an average value compared to the other concentrations, making it the optimum formulation for mechanical strength. Meanwhile, the antibacterial testing showed a trend of increasing antibacterial performances with increasing GO–TiO 2 concentration, where 1.00% displays the best antibacterial performance.