Recent Advances in the Synthesis of the Coumarin Derivatives via Pechmann Condensation Method and Biological Application of Coumarin and Its Derivatives

ABSTRACT Coumarin chemically is a 2 H ‐1‐benzopyran‐2‐one and belongs to the lactone family. Coumarins and its derivatives is important scaffold which is present in most of natural products and synthetic compounds. The conjugated double ring system makes these molecules useful for the different fields of research. The versatile scaffold of coumarin is playing vital role in the medicinal field. The derivatives of coumarin exhibit broad range of biological application which includes antimicrobial, antiviral, anti‐HIV activity, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer and antifungal. In recent years, a huge number of coumarin derivatives have been designed, synthesized, and tested for their activity for several therapeutically diseases. In many instances, these properties have been enhanced by incorporating suitable pharmacophores. In this review we present the synthesis of coumarins derivatives which are synthesized via Pechmann reaction under various reaction conditions and their biological applications for the therapeutic applications.