Synthesis of Copper Hybrid Nanoflowers Incorporating Alkanna cappadocica Boiss. Et. Bal. Root Extract: Antileishmanial, Antioxidant, and Peroxidase‐Like Activities

ABSTRACT In this study, organic–inorganic hybrid copper nanoflowers (NFs) were synthesized for the first time using Cu 2 + ions as the inorganic component and Alkanna cappadocica root extracts as the organic component. The morphology of the NFs was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), while functional groups and crystal structures were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The phenolic and flavonoid contents of the NFs were lower than those of the extracts; however, theyp exhibited significant peroxidase‐like catalytic activity absent in the extracts. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays, with IC 50 values ranging from 22.7 to 580 µg/mL. Antileishmanial studies revealed concentration‐dependent effects, inducing distinct morphological changes in parasites, with IC 50 values between 189.5 and 571 µg/mL. These findings demonstrate a green synthesis approach for copper‐based hybrid NFs with promising catalytic, antioxidant, and antileishmanial properties, suggesting their potential as novel biomedical and antiparasitic agents.