Eco‐Friendly Strategies for Synthesizing Spirooxindoles and Pyranopyrazoles: A Comprehensive Review

ABSTRACT In this review, eco‐friendly approaches to obtain two main classes of molecules (i.e., pyranopyrazoles and spirooxindoles), very important in pharmaceuticals, are investigated. Green chemistry assists with catalysis through applications of cheap and green catalysts, that is, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and recyclable organocatalysts, resulting in rate‐effective synthesis for these molecules. Other methods utilized are single‐step reactions, no toxic solvents, and a US/MW combination process to improve the yield and speed of production. The resulting molecules exhibit encouraging antiproliferative and antibacterial activities. Its advantage of recyclable catalysts was useful, and the concept will be expanded to drug design in a whole molecular and separation study.