Advances in Nanomaterial Synthesis for Enhanced Latent Fingerprint Visualization: A Comprehensive Review

ABSTRACT Fingerprint identification remains one of the most reliable methods for individual identification, as the detection of fingerprints at crime scenes plays a crucial role in forensic investigations. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have significantly enhanced latent fingerprint development through the use of nanomaterials. This review highlights recent progress in the application of various nanoparticles (NPs) for latent fingerprint (LFP) visualization, with particular emphasis on their ability to improve image quality, contrast, and sensitivity. It further discusses developments in both biologically and chemically synthesized NPs employed to enhance the effectiveness of LFP detection. A wide range of nanomaterial, including metal oxides, semiconductor, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and rare‐earth‐based materials, have been investigated owing to their unique chemical and optical properties. These materials interact efficiently with fingerprint residues, enabling clear visualization of ridge patterns on diverse surfaces. Overall, this review underscores the transformative impact of nanotechnology on forensic science, particularly in fingerprint analysis, and highlights the immense potential of NP‐based techniques to improve the resolution, stability, and reliability of LFP detection, paving the way for advanced applications in future forensic investigations.