Sustainable Nano‐Remediation: A Green Photocatalytic Route for Hazardous Dye Detoxification

ABSTRACT The rapid growth of industrialization and global economic expansion has exacerbated the challenge of waste accumulation, with textile sector emerging as a major contributor to environmental pollution. In particular, the broad use of toxic dyes in textile processing has resulted in significant contamination of aquatic ecosystems through industrial wastewater discharges. Beyond textiles, hazardous dyes are also extensively utilized in pharmaceutical manufacturing, rubber production, and other industrial processes, further intensifying the burden of water pollution. Conventional treatment methods often prove insufficient for the efficient elimination of these persistent organic contaminants, prompting the exploration of alternative and sustainable strategies. Among these, photocatalytic degradation (PD) using nanoparticles (NPs) has garnered significant interest owing to its efficiency, safety, and environmental compatibility. Recent advances in the green synthesis of NPs from plants, algae, microbes, biomaterials, and even industrial by‐products have provided an economical and environmentally sustainable method for nanocatalyst development. From January 2020 to August 2025, bibliometric trends show a 65% rise in publications and increasing citation rates, reflecting rapid growth. Recent studies highlight green‐synthesized NPs for degrading anionic and cationic dyes via •OH, h⁺, and O 2 − species. This review uniquely integrates bibliometric and mechanistic insights for sustainable wastewater treatment.