Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Biological Activities of Novel 2‐((9‐Oxo‐9H‐xanthen‐3‐yl)oxy)acetohydrazide Derivatives

ABSTRACT The xanthone scaffold has been observed as an attractive oxygen‐containing heterocycle with various biological activities. We herein report the synthesis, spectral analysis, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of novel 2‐((9‐oxo‐9 H ‐xanthen‐3‐yl)oxy)acetohydrazide derivatives 7(a–l) . The molecular structures of these newly synthesized compounds were identified using spectral analysis, such as IR, NMR ( 1 H and 13 C), and HRMS. All the newly synthesized derivatives were assessed for their drug likeness predictions by SwissADME. The antimicrobial activity was performed by the MIC method against four bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as well as antifungal activity against four fungi: Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger and the anti‐TB activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis was evaluated for all the synthesized compounds. The Compounds 7a , 7d , 7e , and 7g displayed exceptional antimicrobial activity with MIC value 1.56–3.125 µg/mL, and these compounds were equally potent as compared to standard drugs. In antioxidant activities, out of all the prepared molecules, Compounds 7d and 7c gave brilliant antioxidant activity as compared to standard drugs with MIC values 09.23 ± 0.55 and 10.44 ± 0.14 respectively in the DPPH method. Further in silico molecular docking studies were estimated against S. aureus tyrosyl‐tRNA synthetase (PDB ID: 1JIJ) and S. aureus Gyrase (PDB ID: 3U2D). Finally, the in vitro antioxidant activity of all the synthesized compounds was evaluated by DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging methods. The molecular docking results indicated that Compounds 7d and 7c showed excellent binding energies against enzyme 1JIJ and Compounds 7h and 7e exhibited good affinities with enzyme 3U2D.