Preparation of Allyl‐Isothiocyanate‐Loaded Graphene Quantum Dots: Spectroscopical Characterization and Anticancer Potential Against Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer

ABSTRACT Systemic toxicity and inefficient tumor targeting limit efficacy of current breast cancer therapies. To address these challenges, we developed a sustainable, targeted nanocarrier system using graphene quantum dots (GQDs) to deliver natural anticancer agent allyl isothiocyanate (AITC). This study aims to create green‐synthesized, functionalized nanoplatform in form conjugation of GQDs and AITC (AITC@GQDs) that enhances drug delivery and reduces off‐target effects in aggressive breast cancer. AITC was successfully conjugated to GQDs via one‐pot synthesis, forming stable AITC@GQDs. Physicochemical analyses confirmed successful loading through lattice expansion, increased particle size, and incorporation of elemental signatures. AITC@GQDs exhibited sustained release at pH 7.4 (76.39% ±2.40% at 48 h) and significantly accelerated release under tumor‐mimicking acidic pH 5.5 (88.70% ±2.70%), confirming tumor‐responsive behavior. In triple‐negative breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231), AITC@GQDs showed significantly enhanced cytotoxicity, inhibiting cell viability by 52% compared to 39% for bare GQDs and AITC shows average 72.30%, demonstrating synergistic therapeutic effect. This study establishes AITC@GQDs as a promising, sustainable nanoplatform for targeted breast cancer therapy. The system's stable colloidal nature, sustained release profile, and potent anticancer activity offer viable strategy to improve treatment efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects, presenting a meaningful advance toward safer and effective cancer care.