MOF‐Derived ZrO 2 @C for Real‐Time H 2 S Monitoring in Food Freshness Assessment

ABSTRACT Effective monitoring of food spoilage is crucial for global food security, as nearly one‐third of the food produced worldwide each year is wasted and 29% of the population faces nutritional risk. However, existing gas sensing technologies suffer from high material costs, limited sensitivity, and inefficient data transmission. Here, we report a low‐cost electrochemical H 2 S sensor based on a metal‐organic framework‐derived ZrO 2 @C‐900 composite. This active material costs only US$0.09 g −1 , has high sensitivity, and retains 97% of its initial performance after 120 days of continuous operation. This device integrates Bluetooth transmission functionality to monitor H 2 S release in real time as a biomarker of food spoilage. This sensor operates stably under high humidity and low temperature conditions, making it suitable for use in intelligent cold chain systems.