Intelligent Closed‐Loop Management of Diabetic Wound: From Stimuli‐Responsive Materials to Smart Therapeutic Systems

Chronic nonhealing diabetic wounds present a critical global healthcare challenge owing to their highly complex and dysregulated pathological microenvironment. Although conventional standards of care and advanced adjunctive therapies offer recognized clinical efficacy, they remain predominantly passive interventions that fail to adapt to the highly dynamic, real‐time fluctuations within the wound bed. In recent years, stimuli‐responsive biomaterials have emerged to recognize endogenous pathological cues or external triggers, enabling preprogrammed, spatiotemporally matched therapeutic deployment. However, their intrinsic irreversibility and open‐loop nature inherently restrict continuous adaptation to the evolving wound status. To overcome these limitations, closed‐loop intelligent theranostic systems integrating flexible electronics, multimodal sensing, wireless communication, artificial intelligence, and feedback‐controlled actuation have emerged. These systems enable real‐time monitoring of wound biomarkers or digital markers along with adaptive drug delivery and on‐demand physical intervention, representing a transformative paradigm toward autonomous, personalized precision medicine. This review comprehensively delineates the evolutionary landscape of diabetic wound management from fundamental pathophysiology and conventional therapies through stimuli‐responsive materials to intelligent closed‐loop systems. Furthermore, we discuss the practical challenges facing clinical translation and offer future perspectives on next‐generation intelligent wound theranostic platforms.