Advanced Eco‐Friendly Applications of Metal–Organic Frameworks: From Pollution Control to Energy and Health Technologies

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), owing to their highly tunable structures, large specific surface areas, rich pore architectures, and diverse functionalities, have emerged as promising candidates for addressing environmental and energy challenges. With continuous advances in green synthesis techniques, eco-friendly applications of MOFs are progressively transitioning from laboratory research to real-world engineering. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in MOF applications across multiple green technology domains, including environmental remediation, sustainable energy conversion and storage, agricultural and food sciences, and healthcare. Emphasis is placed on the mechanisms and performance of MOFs in air pollution control, water treatment, photo/electrocatalytic water splitting and hydrogen storage, lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, pesticide delivery systems, food packaging materials, drug delivery, and bioimaging. Furthermore, key challenges facing practical MOF applications, such as material stability, regenerability, scalability in synthesis, and environmental safety, are critically analyzed. Prospects for future research directions are also outlined. This review aims to provide theoretical support and research guidance for the advanced application of MOFs in green chemistry, low-carbon energy, smart agriculture, and precision medicine, thereby promoting their further engineering implementation and industrialization within the framework of sustainable development.