Advancing forage innovations in upland livestock systems in Vietnam: Lessons from the Northwest Highlands

Abstract Livestock production is central to the mixed farming systems of Vietnam's Northwest Highlands, yet persistent feed shortages, low forage quality, and structural barriers—especially among ethnic minority communities—limit productivity and resilience. This study synthesizes evidence from two participatory and gender‐sensitive research‐for‐development initiatives, Li‐ chăn (2017–2021) and Chăn‐henh (2022–2024), implemented in Mai Son district, Son La province. Using a mixed‐evidence synthesis approach that integrates qualitative and quantitative data from gender‐responsive feed diagnostics, agronomic trials, adoption studies, and stakeholder interviews, the study assesses how improved forage technologies perform and spread across diverse upland farm types. Results show that high‐yielding tropical grasses significantly improved feed availability, while participatory co‐design and inclusive training increased women's engagement and adoption among remote ethnic groups. However, broader uptake remains constrained by limited access to quality seed, finance, and equitable extension services. Co‐investment with local institutions and farmer‐led training models proved critical for scaling and sustaining these innovations. The findings demonstrate that participatory, gender‐responsive approaches can accelerate the adoption of improved forages and ultimately contribute to strengthening resilience and livelihoods in upland smallholder systems, offering valuable lessons for sustainable livestock development and rural transformation in similar contexts.