How to get the most from axial views of the fetal brain: applying the principles of neurosonography to screening examination of the supratentorial central nervous system

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study. Figure S1 (a,b) Transabdominal transventricular (a) and transthalamic (b) axial views of the fetal brain used for screening assessment of central nervous system (CNS) anomalies, as recommended by the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG). (c–e) Transvaginal sagittal (c), parasagittal (d) and coronal (e) views of the fetal brain used for neurosonography, as recommended by ISUOG. CSP, cavum septi pellucidi. Figure S2 Ultrasound imaging of the fetal brain illustrating different clinical scenarios characterized by anomalies potentially suspected in the axial view of the fetal brain. (a) Alobar holoprosencephaly. (b) Vein of Galen aneurysm on color Doppler imaging. (c) Transabdominal axial view showing the columns of the fornix, which appear as three parallel hyperechogenic line in the anterior part of the brain. (d) Transabdominal axial view of a fetus showing a partially hyperechogenic cavum septi pellucidi (CSP). (e) Transvaginal sagittal view of the brain, in which the corpus callosum appears thick, with a recognizable rostrum (dotted circle), but not splenium. (f,g) CSP is present and rectangular or trapezoidal in shape, but is wide, with a normal corpus callosum on 3D reconstruction (g). (h) Thin CSP. (i) Coronal view of the fetal brain at the level of the frontal horns, showing their apparent fusion with the CSP. (j) Midsagittal view showing presence of the corpus callosum. (k) Schizencephaly. In the transfrontal coronal view of the fetal brain the frontal horns appears fused, with a cleft in the cortex, which appears as an anechoic structure apparently connecting the fused frontal horns with the cortical surface of the brain and the skull. (l,m) Three-dimensional ultrasound identification of optic chiasma. (n) Coronal view of the fetal brain in a fetus with asymmetry of the frontal horns (dashed ovals) and isolated unilateral ventriculomegaly. (o,p) Axial (o) and parasagittal (p) views of the brain in a fetus with cytomegalovirus infection, showing intraventricular synechiae, which appear as a hyperechogenic strand apparently crossing the ventricle. (q) Intracranial hemorrhage: there is a hyperechogenic mass within the proximal part of the occipital horns (arrow) of the lateral ventricles and extending to the frontal horns, leading to obstructive ventriculomegaly. (r) Axial view of the fetal brain showing an apparent communication between the posterior part of the occipital horn and the cortical surface of the brain, indicating schizencephaly. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.